Unfinished Tales

Unfinished tales 

By J.R.R. Tolkien

This is the last of my posts on the works of J.R.R. Tolkien, for the near future at least…

As I have mentioned enough about Tolkien in previous posts I will not mention more here except for the fact that this book was also published posthumously form a selection of Tolkien’s notes, by Christopher Tolkien, his son and literary executor.

‘Unfinished tales, is the last of the main books of Middle-Earth, starting from ‘The Silmarillion’ to ‘The Hobbit’ and lastly ‘The Lord of the Rings’. It is less well known than the other three, though for no fault of its own. Only the fact that is a sort of a supplementary appendix to the rest of the books might account for this fallacy. The book is a delightful collection of stories, odds and ends, which while being complete in themselves, also help fill in the gaps in the other books. 

The stories are arranged chronologically within the time flow of Middle-Earth, from the First Age to the Third. There is also a section which deals with the origin of the wizards (Gandalf!!), the Palantirs and on the race of the Druedain, whom readers (but not viewers) of ‘The Lord of the Rings’ would recall. As an interesting aside, viewers of the extended edition of the movie might recall the climb of the King of Rohan and Aragorn to the camp in front of the mountain pass which leads to the ‘Paths of the Dead’. The way to the mountain is lined with weather beaten statues of the Druedain or Pukel men.

Highlights:

1.     The history of the Rohirrim and the ride of Eorl

2.     The essays on the Druedain and the Istari

3.     The description of Numenorian soldiers and weaponry.

Verdict:

            Overall 10/10

            High fantasy 10/10

            Ease of readability 10/10

Only drawback – needs prior reading of the other books in the Middle-Earth legendarium for a complete contextual understanding.

Tip – buy and read, if you haven’t already!

The Silamarillion

The Silmarillion

By J.R.R. Tolkien

The history of Middle-Earth…

I have already waxed eloquently (I Hope!) about J.R.R. Tolkien, whom readers would by now know to be among my favorite authors, if not the favorite.  So I will not bore you with further details about Tolkien! However, I do feel compelled to point out that ‘The Silmarillion’ was Tolkien’s magnum opus, the book or collection of stories, legends and myths that he tried to get published during his lifetime. Unfortunately, he failed, and it was left to his youngest son and literary executor, Christopher Tolkien, to arrange his notes and have the manuscript published posthumously. I guess by that time after his death, Tolkien’s fame had increased and every publisher was desperate to lay hands on any publishable material.

‘The Silmarillion’ is a sort of backdrop story to ‘The Hobbit’ and ‘The Lord of the Rings’. It tells of the story of the creation, how Middle-Earth came into being, the history of the elves, dwarves and men and the long war with Morgoth, the original Dark Lord of whom Sauron was only a servant. The book is divided into three parts – the first part or the Ainulindale narrates the creation myth. The second part or the Valaquenta, makes up most of the book and tells the story of the three races (Elves, men and dwarves) and the long and fruitless conflict with Morgoth over the theft of the great Jewels, the Silmarilli, after which the book is named.

The last part or the Akallabeth, tells the story of the Isle of Numenor, which was gifted to the men who fought against Morgoth in the great war. It is somewhat inspired from the story of Atlantis, though in a subtle manner. There is some additional material about the Second Age of Middle-Earth and about the making of the Rings of Power; also some material on the war of the elves with Sauron.

Those looking for a quick read in the manner of Tolkien’s other works would be better off looking elsewhere. The book is full of archaic terms and feels like a poetic saga turned into prose. However, dedicated Tolkien fans will find a goldmine here, as would those who after reading or seeing Peter Jackson’s movies are curious to know more.

Highlights:

1.     The creation of the world

2.     The first appearance of the dwarves

3.     The fight between Fingolfin and Morgoth

4.     The fight between Glorfindel and the Balrog

5.     Glaurung!

Verdict:

            Overall 8/10

            Historical high fantasy 10/10

            Ease of reading 6/10

Tip: Not for minors

A very good morning to all and hope you are safe from the Coronavirus! I have been quarantined for handling a positive patient  and am going to spend the next few days at home. Hope to do something worthwhile! Anyways, will keep on posting.

I have changed the book review style, and added some new features like verdicts, drawbacks and tips.  Hope you like it.

I am currently reading a lot of history and also started on Hindi literature.

The Hobbit

The Hobbit

By J.R.R. Tolkien

In a hole in the ground lived a hobbit…

 

A well thumbed copy!

J.R.R. Tolkien is indisputably the author of the twentieth century. The books written by him have achieved the rare and enviable distinction of being best sellers, classics of literature and fan favorites! One could hardly have predicted that a poor, orphaned boy who grew up in foster homes, would reach this pinnacle. But, with perseverance, hard work and not a little luck, he was able to get along. He received a more than decent education and became an outstanding philologist and an academic, serving in important posts like the Professor of Anglo-Saxon and the Professor of English Literature at various colleges in Oxford University.

Tolkien was extremely interested in language – not in the form as communication, but as whole and worthy of study in itself. He started inventing his own from an early age, with grammar, script and vocabulary. He welded and melded this love with his interest in epic sagas and myths especially from the Northern part of Europe. Major influences on him included the Norse epics and poetic literature, Icelandic myths and Anglo-Saxon traditions and heritage. The result was the creation of the Middle-Earth ‘Legendarium’ – a series of interconnected legends, myths and heroic stories in an invented or legendary world. One can say that most authors write stories and fit worlds and languages to fit them, while Tolkien added worlds and stories to fit out his constructed languages!

Coming back to ‘The Hobbit’, it was originally written as a bed time story for Tolkien’s children and its light tone and ambience clearly indicates so. However, it is extremely readable for all ages and does not feel faded even after multiple re-reads. The story is that of Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit, a member of a diminutive race distantly related to humans, who sets off on an adventure to burgle a dragon. He is accompanied by a company of dwarves and has numerous adventures, from encounters with trolls to meeting elves, from fighting goblins and wolves to flying off with eagles. And of course, he finds the Ring. 

Reading Tolkien is like boating on a meandering and peaceful river. As the words flow around, one can watch the banks go by, listen to the murmur and chatter of the water and feel the sun on one’s face. One can get on or off anytime and it is the same nevertheless.  The description of the world of Middle-Earth is immersive and tugs the reader into it. One can think if very few writers who could stand to comparison. 

Highlights:

            Too many to count but I’ll try and list some of my favorite moments. 

1.     The Dwarves song in Bilbo’s house

2.     The fight of the rock giants in the Misty Mountains

3.     The fight with the wolves and the flight with the eagles

4.     Beorn’s house

5.     Bilbo’s first encounter with the dragon Smaug, his descent into the tunnel for the first time and Samug the Golden!

Readability

            

            Overall – 10/10

            High fantasy – 10/10

The life of Mahatma Gandhi

By Louis Fischer

M.K. Gandhi, the most influential and well known Indian of the last 500 years or more, needs no introduction. His life story remains inspirational and compelling. Anyone wanting to know more about Gandhi could hardly go wrong than starting here!

                                                          

  

Louis Fischer was an American journalist who covered mainly politics and political movements. After working extensively in Europe and India he later became a member of the faculty of Princeton University. He met Gandhi on several occasions and his biography of Gandhi, published first in 1951, was among the earliest works in the area.

The book deals with the life and times of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi or to call him by his popular epithet, Mahatma Gandhi. It starts with the Mahatma’s assassination and the world’s reaction to it. One can feel that the classic movie ‘Gandhi’, by Sir Richard Attenborough, owes quite a bit of its screenplay to this book. The first section of the book deals with Gandhi’s childhood and the special influence of his mother on him, his education in England and the firming up of his philosophy and the principles of Satyagraha in South Africa. The middle section describes the bulk of the Independence movement from Gandhi’s return to India in 1915 to the tumultuous years leading almost up to Independence. The final section is dedicated to the tragic and cataclysmic events immediately pre and post Independence, including the attempts at finding a solution to Partition and the aftermath of it.

The book is written in a clear and crisp manner, without any embellishments or florid touches. The author’s background as a journalist is clear; however, the book is extremely readable from the start and does not feel like an overblown magazine article. Gandhi’s thoughts and motivations come out clearly for the most part, which is quite a feat for any biographer.

Highlights:

1.       The vision of the continuous evolution of the Mahatma’s philosophy, which was never set in stone.

2.       The clear communication of the Mahatma’s character throughout the book – his self- discipline, his humility, his arrogance, his disciplinarian character and above all his ability to stay true to himself, his aims and his soul despite gargantuan odds and pressures.

3.       The author’s sketch of Jinnah, who comes out as a self-obsessed and unsympathetic person, burning with envy towards Gandhi and Nehru, whom he felt had displaced him from the leadership of the Congress Party.

Rating:

Overall – 8^1/2 /10

Political history – 8/10

Biography – 9/10

Defeat into victory

Defeat into victory

By Field Marshal Viscount Slim

The British forces in Burma in 1942 are dealt a severe blow by the Japanese army. Reeling from defeat after defeat, one man is called in to stem the tide…

Field Marshall Viscount Slim, or Uncle Bill as he was known to his soldiers, was one of the lesser known generals of World War II. Being from a working class background, he was not as socially connected or as flamboyant as some of the other generals involved in the war. His posting in a relatively obscure corner of the conflict meant that he remained out of the limelight, unlike generals like Patton or Montgomery. However, he was so popular among the men who served under him that his unceremonious removal at the cusp of victory led to mutinies in the army, and he had to be brought back to keep the peace!

The book is written in a clear and lucid style. It is arranged chronologically, starting in 1942 with General Slim being posted to the Burma theatre from his current posting in the Middle East and moving forwards through the British retreat, the battle of Imphal/Kohima and counterstrike into Burma. The author’s recall of the detail of unit names, placements, strength and other military items is exhaustive. Though a treasure trove for military historians, for the lay reader this is may sometimes lead to the feeling that the book is overlong and tedious. General Slim writes freely, without too much embellishments, and his thoughts come out clearly in the text. His description of terrain and eye for detail is impressive, contributing to the feeling that he must have been a very effective commander.

After being defeated in 1942, the British Army steadily pulled back into India, fighting a rearguard action all the way. The onset of the monsoon gave them a respite and breathing space to reorganize. A vivid description of the retreat is given and how it was prevented from being turned into a rout. The British Army in Burma was extremely under supplied and under equipped in comparison to forces in other theatres of the war. Once General Slim took over, he instituted a complete overhaul of the system, from supply of rations to anti-malarial prophylaxis to restructuring of army units. There is an emphasis on delegation of authority, establishment of supply chains, use of local materials and sheer derring do. Indeed, the book sometimes feels like a manual of corporate governance rather than a military memoir!

The Japanese made the fatal mistake of advancing too fast without enough back up and supply. Taking notice of this the British Army lured them into the Imphal/ Kohima region where conditions were favorable to the defenders and defeated them after months long siege. The Japanese routed back to central Burma where they were finally defeated by the advancing British Army at the battle of the Irrawaddy river. In mid 1945, the British Army was back in Rangoon, which it had vacated 3 years earlier.

Highlights:

1.     The passage on how locally made jute parachutes were hurriedly fabricated and use to airdrop supplies to units in the field, in the absence of proper ones.

2.     Glimpses of the General’s management style, relevant for all mangers today as well.

3.     Mention of the INA army in alliance with the Japanese its contemptuous dismissal by the author . Surprising for me!

Ranking:

            Overall 7/10

            Military history 9/10